MIXING PRINT CHEMICALS:

A) Developer: Nacco Printal, mix 1 part concentrate with 2 parts cool (68 to 72 degree F) water. For a class (3 or more people) mix 1 liter concentrate and 2 liters water (32oz and 64oz). For individual (open lab) mix 750ml concentrate and 1.5 liters water (24oz and 48oz). Discard of all developer after each session.

B) Stop Bath: This is "ready mixed", just use as is. If the chemical has turned from yellow to a purple and/or brown tone, discard and mix 60ml of concentrate into 4 liters of water (2 oz for one gallon). Re-use stop bath unless "purple". Please return it to the jug.

C) Fixer: This is "ready mixed", just use as is. Test with "Hypo Check" by dropping one drop of hypo check into tray of fixer. If a distinct "white cloud" forms were the drop went, the fixer is exhausted. Discard any bad fixer and mix 500ml of concentrate and 3.5 liters of water (16oz and 112 oz for one gallon). Re-use fix bath unless "exhausted". Please return it to the jug.

D) Hypo Clear: Mix one part of concentrate with 9 parts water. For a class (3 or more people) mix 300ml concentrate and 2.7 liters water (10 oz and 90 oz) For individual (open lab) mix 200ml concentrate and 1.8 liters water (7 oz and 64oz) . Discard of all Hypo Clear after each session.

SEQUENCE:

1) Load negative holder and #2 filter, then open lens to brightest stop.

2) Focus image with grain focuser.

3) Stop lens down 2 clicks for slow papers, 3 clicks for fast papers.

4) Make test sheet of 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27, and 30 seconds.

5) Process test sheet.

A) Developer: 1.5 minutes with constant agitation. Accurate time is important!

B) Stop Bath: 1 minute with moderate agitation. Accurate time is not important, 30 seconds to 2 minutes is acceptable.

C) Fixer: 5 minutes for a "Keeper", one minute for a "throw away test print". You can return your one minute "throw away" to the fixer for an additional 4 minutes if you wish it to be a "Keeper". Moderate agitation. Accurate time is not important, 4 minutes to 15 minutes is acceptable.

D) Hypo clear: 2 minutes for "Keeper", not needed for "throw away, test print". Moderate agitation. Accurate time is not important, 1.5 minutes to 5 minutes is acceptable.The use of Hypo Clear is optional. To delete it, simply double your wash times.

E) Wash: 5 minutes with less than 4 prints in wash, 10 minutes if more than 4 prints in wash. Agitate prints by bringing bottom print to the top once a minute. Times are from the point the LAST print is added to the wash.

F to C = (F - 32) * 0.56 1 Gallon = 4 Quarts = 8 Pints = 16 Cups
C to F = (C * 1.8) + 32 1 Gallon = 3.785 Liters = 128 Fl Ounces
1 Fluid Once = 31.25ml
1 Once = 28.35 Grams 1 Fluid ml = 0.032 Fluid Ounces
1 Gram = 0.0353 Ounces
1 Gram = 15.43 Grains 1 inch = 25.4mm
1 Pound = 16 Ounces = 453.6 Grams 1 foot = 0.305 meters
1 Kilogram = 2.21 Pounds = 35.3 Ounces 1 meter = 39 inches (or 3.25 Feet)
1 Teaspoon Dry is APPROXIMATELY 4.2 Grams

Print is too "gray", "flat", "dull": Use a higher numbered contrast filter.

Print is too "graphic", contrasty", "hard": Use a lower numbered contrast filter.

Print is too dark: Both highlights and shadows too dark: Decrease print exposure time.
Highlights too dark, shadows OK: Use a higher numbered contrast filter.
Highlights OK, shadows too dark: Use a lower numbered contrast filter.

Print is too light: Both highlights and shadows too light: Increase print exposure time.
Highlights too light, shadows OK: Use a lower numbered contrast filter.
Highlights OK, shadows too light: Use a higher numbered contrast filter.

Kodak Polycontrast: Base time = 1
Luminos Flexicon Pearl = Base X 0.75
Ilford Multigrade Warmtone = Base X 2
Luminos Pastel = Base X 5
Luminos Linen = Base X 2.5
Luminos Charcoal = Base X 0.8
Zone 6 Graded Fiberbase = Base X 0.75

Note: all time assume #2 filter is in use (even for graded papers not needing it)